Charger for an aerosol delivery device

ABSTRACT

A charger for an aerosol delivery device is provided. The charger comprises a housing, a connected coupled to the housing, and a power supply. The connector may be coupled to the housing and configured to engage a control body coupled or coupleable with a cartridge to form the aerosol delivery device. The power supply may comprise a supercapacitor within the housing, connected with the power source when the connector is engaged with the control body, and configured to provide power to recharge the power source. The power source may also comprise a photovoltaic cell coupled to the housing, and connected to and from which the supercapacitor is chargeable.

TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to aerosol delivery devices such as smoking articles, and more particularly to aerosol delivery devices that may utilize electrically generated heat for the production of aerosol (e.g., smoking articles commonly referred to as electronic cigarettes). The smoking articles may be configured to heat an aerosol precursor, which may incorporate materials that may be made or derived from, or otherwise incorporate tobacco, the precursor being capable of forming an inhalable substance for human consumption.

BACKGROUND

Many smoking devices have been proposed through the years as improvements upon, or alternatives to, smoking products that require combusting tobacco for use. Many of those devices purportedly have been designed to provide the sensations associated with cigarette, cigar or pipe smoking, but without delivering considerable quantities of incomplete combustion and pyrolysis products that result from the burning of tobacco. To this end, there have been proposed numerous smoking products, flavor generators and medicinal inhalers that utilize electrical energy to vaporize or heat a volatile material, or attempt to provide the sensations of cigarette, cigar or pipe smoking without burning tobacco to a significant degree. See, for example, the various alternative smoking articles, aerosol delivery devices and heat generating sources set forth in the background art described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,726,320 to Robinson et al. and U.S. Pat. No. 8,881,737 to Collett et al., which are incorporated herein by reference. See also, for example, the various types of smoking articles, aerosol delivery devices and electrically-powered heat generating sources referenced by brand name and commercial source in U.S. Pat. Pub. No. 2015/0216232 to Bless et al., which is incorporated herein by reference. Additionally, various types of electrically powered aerosol and vapor delivery devices also have been proposed in U.S. Pat. Pub. Nos. 2014/0096781 to Sears et al. and 2014/0283859 to Minskoff et al., as well as U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/282,768 to Sears et al., filed May 20, 2014; Ser. No. 14/286,552 to Brinkley et al., filed May 23, 2014; Ser. No. 14/327,776 to Ampolini et al., filed Jul. 10, 2014; and Ser. No. 14/465,167 to Worm et al., filed Aug. 21, 2014; all of which are incorporated herein by reference.

BRIEF SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates to aerosol delivery devices, methods of forming such devices, and elements of such devices. The present disclosure thus includes, without limitation, the following example implementations. In some example implementations, a charger for an aerosol delivery device is provided. The charger may include a housing, a connector coupled to the housing, and a power supply. The connector may be configured to engage a control body coupled or coupleable with a cartridge to form the aerosol delivery device. The cartridge may be equipped with a heating element, and the control body may include a power source configured to provide power to the heating element to activate and vaporize components of an aerosol precursor composition. The power supply may comprise a supercapacitor or a—within the housing, connected with the power source when the connector is engaged with the control body, and configured to provide power to recharge the power source. The power supply may also comprise a photovoltaic cell coupled to the housing, and connected to and from which the supercapacitor is chargeable.

In some example implementations of the charger of the preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the power supply comprises a plurality of supercapacitors including the supercapacitor and connected in parallel.

In some example implementations of the charger of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the charger further comprises an indicator connected with the supercapacitor and configured to provide a visual indication when the supercapacitor is being charged.

In some example implementations of the charger of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the charger further comprises a diode connected between the supercapacitor and photovoltaic cell, and configured to prevent a backflow of current from supercapacitor to the photovoltaic cell.

In some example implementations of the charger of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the charger further comprises a linear regulator connected between the supercapacitor and photovoltaic cell, and configured to maintain a constant output voltage to the supercapacitor and thereby prevent an overcharge of the supercapacitor by the photovoltaic cell.

In some example implementations of the charger of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the power supply further comprises a secondary source of energy connected with the power source when the connector is engaged with the control body, the supercapacitor and secondary source of energy being configured to switchably provide power to recharge the power source, and in at least one instance, the secondary source of energy being a thin-film solid-state battery.

In some example implementations of the charger of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the charger comprises a two-way switch respectively coupled to the supercapacitor and the secondary source of energy, and the supercapacitor and secondary source of energy being configured to switchably provide power includes the supercapacitor being configured to provide power, and the charger being configured to switch to the secondary source of energy to provide power only after the supercapacitor has discharged by at least a threshold amount.

In some example implementations of the charger of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the secondary source of energy is connected with and chargeable from the photovoltaic cell.

In some example implementations of the charger of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the charger further comprises a diode or linear regulator connected between the secondary source of energy and photovoltaic cell, and configured to respectively prevent a backflow of current from secondary source of energy to the photovoltaic cell, or prevent the secondary source of energy from being overcharged by the photovoltaic cell.

In some example implementations of the charger of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the charger further comprises terminals connectable with an external source of energy from which the supercapacitor or secondary energy source is chargeable.

In some example implementations of the charger of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the charger further comprises terminals connectable with an external source of energy from which the supercapacitor is chargeable.

In some example implementations of the charger of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the charger further comprises a linear regulator connected between the supercapacitor and terminals, and configured to maintain a constant output voltage to the supercapacitor and thereby prevent an overcharge of the supercapacitor by the external source of energy.

In some example implementations of the charger of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the charger further comprises a DC-to-DC converter connected to the supercapacitor, between the supercapacitor and power source, and configured to regulate a discharge current from the supercapacitor to the power source or an electrical load connected to the power source and including the heating element.

In some example implementations of the charger of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the DC-to-DC converter is adjustable and in at least one instance configured to increase a rate of the discharge current from the supercapacitor to the power source or an electrical load connected to the power source and including the heating element.

In some example implementations, a method is provided for charging an aerosol delivery device including control body coupled or coupleable with a cartridge to form the aerosol delivery device. The cartridge may be equipped with a heating element, and the control body may include a power source configured to provide power to the heating element to activate and vaporize components of an aerosol precursor composition. The method may comprise detachably coupling a charger to the control body. The charger may include a power supply, and the power supply may include a supercapacitor and a photovoltaic cell connected to and from which the supercapacitor is chargeable. The supercapacitor may be connected with the power source when the charger is coupled with the control body. The method may also comprise providing power from the supercapacitor to recharge the power source.

In some example implementations of the method of the preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the method further comprises charging the supercapacitor from the photovoltaic cell, and as the supercapacitor is charging, providing a visual indication from an indicator connected with the supercapacitor.

In some example implementations of the method of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the method further comprises preventing a backflow of current from supercapacitor to the photovoltaic cell using a diode connected between the supercapacitor and photovoltaic cell.

In some example implementations of the method of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the method further comprises maintaining a constant output voltage to the supercapacitor, and thereby preventing an overcharge of the supercapacitor by the photovoltaic cell, using a linear regulator connected between the supercapacitor and photovoltaic cell.

In some example implementations of the method of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the power supply of the charger further includes a secondary source of energy connected with the power source when the charger is coupled with the control body, and providing power includes switchably providing power from the supercapacitor and secondary source of energy to recharge the power source, and in at least one instance, the secondary source of energy being a thin-film solid-state battery.

In some example implementations of the method of any preceding or any subsequent example implementation, or any combination thereof, the charger comprises a two-way switch respectively coupled to the supercapacitor and the secondary source of energy, and the method comprises switchably providing power includes proving power from the supercapacitor, and switching to the secondary source of energy to provide power only after the supercapacitor has discharged by at least a threshold amount.

These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from a reading of the following detailed description together with the accompanying drawings, which are briefly described below. The present disclosure includes any combination of two, three, four or more features or elements set forth in this disclosure, regardless of whether such features or elements are expressly combined or otherwise recited in a specific example implementation described herein. This disclosure is intended to be read holistically such that any separable features or elements of the disclosure, in any of its aspects and example implementations, should be viewed as intended, namely to be combinable, unless the context of the disclosure clearly dictates otherwise.

It will therefore be appreciated that this Brief Summary is provided merely for purposes of summarizing some example implementations so as to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosure. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the above described example implementations are merely examples and should not be construed to narrow the scope or spirit of the disclosure in any way. Other example implementations, aspects and advantages will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of some described example implementations.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING(S)

Having thus described the disclosure in the foregoing general terms, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale, and wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of an aerosol delivery device including a cartridge coupled to a control body, according to an example implementation of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a partially cut-away view of the aerosol delivery device according to various example implementations;

FIG. 3 is a partially cut-away view of a charger coupleable to a control body of the aerosol delivery device, according to various example implementations;

FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate various elements of the charger and control body, according to various example implementations; and

FIG. 6 illustrates various operations in a method for controlling a charger for an aerosol delivery device, according to an example implementation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The present disclosure will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to example implementations thereof. These example implementations are described so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. Indeed, the disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the implementations set forth herein; rather, these implementations are provided so that this disclosure will satisfy applicable legal requirements. As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” “the” and the like include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

As described hereinafter, example implementations of the present disclosure relate to aerosol delivery systems. Aerosol delivery systems according to the present disclosure use electrical energy to heat a material (preferably without combusting the material to any significant degree) to form an inhalable substance; and components of such systems have the form of articles most preferably are sufficiently compact to be considered hand-held devices. That is, use of components of preferred aerosol delivery systems does not result in the production of smoke in the sense that aerosol results principally from by-products of combustion or pyrolysis of tobacco, but rather, use of those preferred systems results in the production of vapors resulting from volatilization or vaporization of certain components incorporated therein. In some example implementations, components of aerosol delivery systems may be characterized as electronic cigarettes, and those electronic cigarettes most preferably incorporate tobacco and/or components derived from tobacco, and hence deliver tobacco derived components in aerosol form.

Aerosol generating pieces of certain preferred aerosol delivery systems may provide many of the sensations (e.g., inhalation and exhalation rituals, types of tastes or flavors, organoleptic effects, physical feel, use rituals, visual cues such as those provided by visible aerosol, and the like) of smoking a cigarette, cigar or pipe that is employed by lighting and burning tobacco (and hence inhaling tobacco smoke), without any substantial degree of combustion of any component thereof. For example, the user of an aerosol generating piece of the present disclosure can hold and use that piece much like a smoker employs a traditional type of smoking article, draw on one end of that piece for inhalation of aerosol produced by that piece, take or draw puffs at selected intervals of time, and the like.

Aerosol delivery systems of the present disclosure also can be characterized as being vapor-producing articles or medicament delivery articles. Thus, such articles or devices can be adapted so as to provide one or more substances (e.g., flavors and/or pharmaceutical active ingredients) in an inhalable form or state. For example, inhalable substances can be substantially in the form of a vapor (i.e., a substance that is in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical point). Alternatively, inhalable substances can be in the form of an aerosol (i.e., a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas). For purposes of simplicity, the term “aerosol” as used herein is meant to include vapors, gases and aerosols of a form or type suitable for human inhalation, whether or not visible, and whether or not of a form that might be considered to be smoke-like.

Aerosol delivery systems of the present disclosure generally include a number of components provided within an outer body or shell, which may be referred to as a housing. The overall design of the outer body or shell can vary, and the format or configuration of the outer body that can define the overall size and shape of the aerosol delivery device can vary. Typically, an elongated body resembling the shape of a cigarette or cigar can be a formed from a single, unitary housing or the elongated housing can be formed of two or more separable bodies. For example, an aerosol delivery device can comprise an elongated shell or body that can be substantially tubular in shape and, as such, resemble the shape of a conventional cigarette or cigar. In one example, all of the components of the aerosol delivery device are contained within one housing. Alternatively, an aerosol delivery device can comprise two or more housings that are joined and are separable. For example, an aerosol delivery device can possess at one end a control body comprising a housing containing one or more reusable components (e.g., an accumulator such as a rechargeable battery and/or capacitor, and various electronics for controlling the operation of that article), and at the other end and removably coupleable thereto, an outer body or shell containing a disposable portion (e.g., a disposable flavor-containing cartridge).

Aerosol delivery systems of the present disclosure most preferably comprise some combination of a power source (i.e., an electrical power source), at least one control component (e.g., means for actuating, controlling, regulating and ceasing power for heat generation, such as by controlling electrical current flow the power source to other components of the article—e.g., a microprocessor, individually or as part of a microcontroller), a heater or heat generation member (e.g., an electrical resistance heating element or other component, which alone or in combination with one or more further elements may be commonly referred to as an “atomizer”), an aerosol precursor composition (e.g., commonly a liquid capable of yielding an aerosol upon application of sufficient heat, such as ingredients commonly referred to as “smoke juice,” “e-liquid” and “e-juice”), and a mouthend region or tip for allowing draw upon the aerosol delivery device for aerosol inhalation (e.g., a defined airflow path through the article such that aerosol generated can be withdrawn therefrom upon draw).

More specific formats, configurations and arrangements of components within the aerosol delivery systems of the present disclosure will be evident in light of the further disclosure provided hereinafter. Additionally, the selection and arrangement of various aerosol delivery system components can be appreciated upon consideration of the commercially available electronic aerosol delivery devices, such as those representative products referenced in background art section of the present disclosure.

In various examples, an aerosol delivery device can comprise a reservoir configured to retain the aerosol precursor composition. The reservoir particularly can be formed of a porous material (e.g., a fibrous material) and thus may be referred to as a porous substrate (e.g., a fibrous substrate).

A fibrous substrate useful as a reservoir in an aerosol delivery device can be a woven or nonwoven material formed of a plurality of fibers or filaments and can be formed of one or both of natural fibers and synthetic fibers. For example, a fibrous substrate may comprise a fiberglass material. In particular examples, a cellulose acetate material can be used. In other example implementations, a carbon material can be used. A reservoir may be substantially in the form of a container and may include a fibrous material included therein.

FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of an aerosol delivery device 100 including a control body 102 and a cartridge 104, according to various example implementations of the present disclosure. In particular, FIG. 1 illustrates the control body and the cartridge coupled to one another. The control body and the cartridge may be detachably aligned in a functioning relationship. Various mechanisms may connect the cartridge to the control body to result in a threaded engagement, a press-fit engagement, an interference fit, a magnetic engagement or the like. The aerosol delivery device may be substantially rod-like, substantially tubular shaped, or substantially cylindrically shaped in some example implementations when the cartridge and the control body are in an assembled configuration. The aerosol delivery device may also be substantially rectangular or rhomboidal in cross-section, which may lend itself to greater compatibility with a substantially flat or thin-film power source, such as a power source including a flat battery. The cartridge and control body may include separate, respective housings or outer bodies, which may be formed of any of a number of different materials. The housing may be formed of any suitable, structurally-sound material. In some examples, the housing may be formed of a metal or alloy, such as stainless steel, aluminum or the like. Other suitable materials include various plastics (e.g., polycarbonate), metal-plating over plastic, ceramics and the like.

In some example implementations, one or both of the control body 102 or the cartridge 104 of the aerosol delivery device 100 may be referred to as being disposable or as being reusable. For example, the control body may have a replaceable battery or a rechargeable battery and thus may be combined with any type of recharging technology, including connection to a typical alternating current electrical wall outlet, connection to a car charger (i.e., a cigarette lighter receptacle), connection to a computer, such as through a universal serial bus (USB) cable or connector, or connection to a photovoltaic cell (sometimes referred to as a solar cell) or solar panel of solar cells. Some examples of suitable recharging technology are described below. Further, in some example implementations, the cartridge may comprise a single-use cartridge, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,910,639 to Chang et al., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIG. 2 more particularly illustrates the aerosol delivery device 100, in accordance with some example implementations. As seen in the cut-away view illustrated therein, again, the aerosol delivery device can comprise a control body 102 and a cartridge 104 each of which include a number of respective components. The components illustrated in FIG. 2 are representative of the components that may be present in a control body and cartridge and are not intended to limit the scope of components that are encompassed by the present disclosure. As shown, for example, the control body can be formed of a control body shell 206 that can include a control component 208 (e.g., a microprocessor, individually or as part of a microcontroller), a flow sensor 210, a power source 212 and one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs) 214, and such components can be variably aligned. The LED may be one example of a suitable visual indicator with which the aerosol delivery device 100 may be equipped. Other indicators such as audio indicators (e.g., speakers), haptic indicators (e.g., vibration motors) or the like can be included in addition to or as an alternative to visual indicators such as the LED.

The cartridge 104 can be formed of a cartridge shell 216 enclosing a reservoir 218 that is in fluid communication with a liquid transport element 220 adapted to wick or otherwise transport an aerosol precursor composition stored in the reservoir housing to a heater 222 (sometimes referred to as a heating element). In various configurations, this structure may be referred to as a tank; and accordingly, the terms “tank,” “cartridge” and the like may be used interchangeably to refer to a shell or other housing enclosing a reservoir for aerosol precursor composition, and including a heater. In some example, a valve may be positioned between the reservoir and heater, and configured to control an amount of aerosol precursor composition passed or delivered from the reservoir to the heater.

Various examples of materials configured to produce heat when electrical current is applied therethrough may be employed to form the heater 222. The heater in these examples may be a resistive heating element such as a wire coil, microheater or the like. Example materials from which the wire coil may be formed include Kanthal (FeCrAl), Nichrome, Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi₂), molybdenum silicide (MoSi), Molybdenum disilicide doped with Aluminum (Mo(Si,Al)₂), Titanium (Ti), graphite and graphite-based materials (e.g., carbon-based foams and yarns) and ceramics (e.g., positive or negative temperature coefficient ceramics). Example implementations of heaters or heating members useful in aerosol delivery devices according to the present disclosure are further described below, and can be incorporated into devices such as illustrated in FIG. 2 as described herein.

An opening 224 may be present in the cartridge shell 216 (e.g., at the mouthend) to allow for egress of formed aerosol from the cartridge 104.

The cartridge 104 also may include one or more electronic components 226, which may include an integrated circuit, a memory component, a sensor, or the like. The electronic components may be adapted to communicate with the control component 208 and/or with an external device by wired or wireless means. The electronic components may be positioned anywhere within the cartridge or a base 228 thereof.

Although the control component 208 and the flow sensor 210 are illustrated separately, it is understood that the control component and the flow sensor may be combined as an electronic circuit board with the air flow sensor attached directly thereto. Further, the electronic circuit board may be positioned horizontally relative the illustration of FIG. 1 in that the electronic circuit board can be lengthwise parallel to the central axis of the control body. In some examples, the air flow sensor may comprise its own circuit board or other base element to which it can be attached. In some examples, a flexible circuit board may be utilized. A flexible circuit board may be configured into a variety of shapes, include substantially tubular shapes. In some examples, a flexible circuit board may be combined with, layered onto, or form part or all of a heater substrate as further described below.

The control body 102 and the cartridge 104 may include components adapted to facilitate a fluid engagement therebetween. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the control body can include a coupler 230 having a cavity 232 therein. The base 228 of the cartridge can be adapted to engage the coupler and can include a projection 234 adapted to fit within the cavity. Such engagement can facilitate a stable connection between the control body and the cartridge as well as establish an electrical connection between the power source 212 and control component 208 in the control body and the heater 222 in the cartridge. Further, the control body shell 206 can include an air intake 236, which may be a notch in the shell where it connects to the coupler that allows for passage of ambient air around the coupler and into the shell where it then passes through the cavity 232 of the coupler and into the cartridge through the projection 234.

A coupler and a base useful according to the present disclosure are described in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2014/0261495 to Novak et al., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. For example, the coupler 230 as seen in FIG. 2 may define an outer periphery 238 configured to mate with an inner periphery 240 of the base 228. In one example the inner periphery of the base may define a radius that is substantially equal to, or slightly greater than, a radius of the outer periphery of the coupler. Further, the coupler may define one or more protrusions 242 at the outer periphery configured to engage one or more recesses 244 defined at the inner periphery of the base. However, various other examples of structures, shapes and components may be employed to couple the base to the coupler. In some examples the connection between the base of the cartridge 104 and the coupler of the control body 102 may be substantially permanent, whereas in other examples the connection therebetween may be releasable such that, for example, the control body may be reused with one or more additional cartridges that may be disposable and/or refillable.

The aerosol delivery device 100 may be substantially rod-like or substantially tubular shaped or substantially cylindrically shaped in some examples. In other examples, further shapes and dimensions are encompassed—e.g., a rectangular or triangular cross-section, multifaceted shapes, or the like.

The reservoir 218 illustrated in FIG. 2 can be a container or can be a fibrous reservoir, as presently described. For example, the reservoir can comprise one or more layers of nonwoven fibers substantially formed into the shape of a tube encircling the interior of the cartridge shell 216, in this example. An aerosol precursor composition can be retained in the reservoir. Liquid components, for example, can be sorptively retained by the reservoir. The reservoir can be in fluid connection with the liquid transport element 220. The liquid transport element can transport the aerosol precursor composition stored in the reservoir via capillary action to the heater 222 that is in the form of a metal wire coil in this example. As such, the heater is in a heating arrangement with the liquid transport element. Example implementations of reservoirs and transport elements useful in aerosol delivery devices according to the present disclosure are further described below, and such reservoirs and/or transport elements can be incorporated into devices such as illustrated in FIG. 2 as described herein. In particular, specific combinations of heating members and transport elements as further described below may be incorporated into devices such as illustrated in FIG. 2 as described herein.

In use, when a user draws on the aerosol delivery device 100, airflow is detected by the flow sensor 210, and the heater 222 is activated to vaporize components of the aerosol precursor composition. Drawing upon the mouthend of the aerosol delivery device causes ambient air to enter the air intake 236 and pass through the cavity 232 in the coupler 230 and the central opening in the projection 234 of the base 228. In the cartridge 104, the drawn air combines with the formed vapor to form an aerosol. The aerosol is whisked, aspirated or otherwise drawn away from the heater and out the opening 224 in the mouthend of the aerosol delivery device.

In some examples, the aerosol delivery device 100 may include a number of additional software-controlled functions. For example, the aerosol delivery device may include a power-source protection circuit configured to detect power-source input, loads on the power-source terminals, and charging input. The power-source protection circuit may include short-circuit protection and under-voltage lock out. The aerosol delivery device may also include components for ambient temperature measurement, and its control component 208 may be configured to control at least one functional element to inhibit power-source charging—particularly of any battery—if the ambient temperature is below a certain temperature (e.g., 0° C.) or above a certain temperature (e.g., 45° C.) prior to start of charging or during charging.

Power delivery from the power source 212 may vary over the course of each puff on the device 100 according to a power control mechanism. The device may include a “long puff” safety timer such that in the event that a user or component failure (e.g., flow sensor 210) causes the device to attempt to puff continuously, the control component 208 may control at least one functional element to terminate the puff automatically after some period of time (e.g., four seconds). Further, the time between puffs on the device may be restricted to less than a period of time (e.g., 100 seconds). A watchdog safety timer may automatically reset the aerosol delivery device if its control component or software running on it becomes unstable and does not service the timer within an appropriate time interval (e.g., eight seconds). Further safety protection may be provided in the event of a defective or otherwise failed flow sensor 210, such as by permanently disabling the aerosol delivery device in order to prevent inadvertent heating. A puffing limit switch may deactivate the device in the event of a pressure sensor fail causing the device to continuously activate without stopping after the four second maximum puff time.

The aerosol delivery device 100 may include a puff tracking algorithm configured for heater lockout once a defined number of puffs has been achieved for an attached cartridge (based on the number of available puffs calculated in light of the e-liquid charge in the cartridge). The aerosol delivery device may include a sleep, standby or low-power mode function whereby power delivery may be automatically cut off after a defined period of non-use. Further safety protection may be provided in that all charge/discharge cycles of the power source 212 may be monitored by the control component 208 over its lifetime. After the power source has attained the equivalent of a predetermined number (e.g., 200) of full discharge and full recharge cycles, it may be declared depleted, and the control component may control at least one functional element to prevent further charging of the power source.

The various components of an aerosol delivery device according to the present disclosure can be chosen from components described in the art and commercially available. Examples of batteries that can be used according to the disclosure are described in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2010/0028766 to Peckerar et al., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The aerosol delivery device 100 can incorporate the sensor 210 or another sensor or detector for control of supply of electric power to the heater 222 when aerosol generation is desired (e.g., upon draw during use). As such, for example, there is provided a manner or method of turning off power to the heater when the aerosol delivery device is not be drawn upon during use, and for turning on power to actuate or trigger the generation of heat by the heater during draw. Additional representative types of sensing or detection mechanisms, structure and configuration thereof, components thereof, and general methods of operation thereof, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,261,424 to Sprinkel, Jr., U.S. Pat. No. 5,372,148 to McCafferty et al., and PCT Pat. App. Pub. No. WO 2010/003480 to Flick, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

The aerosol delivery device 100 most preferably incorporates the control component 208 or another control mechanism for controlling the amount of electric power to the heater 222 during draw. Representative types of electronic components, structure and configuration thereof, features thereof, and general methods of operation thereof, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,735,217 to Gerth et al., U.S. Pat. No. 4,947,874 to Brooks et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,372,148 to McCafferty et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,560 to Fleischhauer et al., U.S. Pat. No. 7,040,314 to Nguyen et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,205,622 to Pan, U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2009/0230117 to Fernando et al., U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2014/0060554 to Collet et al., U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2014/0270727 to Ampolini et al., and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/209,191 to Henry et al., filed Mar. 13, 2014, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Representative types of substrates, reservoirs or other components for supporting the aerosol precursor are described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,528,569 to Newton, U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2014/0261487 to Chapman et al., U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/011,992 to Davis et al., filed Aug. 28, 2013, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/170,838 to Bless et al., filed Feb. 3, 2014, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Additionally, various wicking materials, and the configuration and operation of those wicking materials within certain types of electronic cigarettes, are set forth in U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2014/0209105 to Sears et al., which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

The aerosol precursor composition, also referred to as a vapor precursor composition, may comprise a variety of components including, by way of example, a polyhydric alcohol (e.g., glycerin, propylene glycol or a mixture thereof), nicotine, tobacco, tobacco extract and/or flavorants. Representative types of aerosol precursor components and formulations also are set forth and characterized in U.S. Pat. No. 7,217,320 to Robinson et al. and U.S. Pat. Pub. Nos. 2013/0008457 to Zheng et al.; 2013/0213417 to Chong et al.; 2014/0060554 to Collett et al.; 2015/0020823 to Lipowicz et al.; and 2015/0020830 to Koller, as well as WO 2014/182736 to Bowen et al, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Other aerosol precursors that may be employed include the aerosol precursors that have been incorporated in the VUSE® product by R. J. Reynolds Vapor Company, the BLU™ product by Imperial Tobacco Group PLC, the MISTIC MENTHOL product by Mistic Ecigs, and the VYPE product by CN Creative Ltd. Also desirable are the so-called “smoke juices” for electronic cigarettes that have been available from Johnson Creek Enterprises LLC.

Additional representative types of components that yield visual cues or indicators may be employed in the aerosol delivery device 100, such as visual indicators and related components, audio indicators, haptic indicators and the like. Examples of suitable LED components, and the configurations and uses thereof, are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,154,192 to Sprinkel et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,499,766 to Newton, U.S. Pat. No. 8,539,959 to Scatterday, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/173,266 to Sears et al., filed Feb. 5, 2014, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Yet other features, controls or components that can be incorporated into aerosol delivery devices of the present disclosure are described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,967,148 to Harris et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,934,289 to Watkins et al., U.S. Pat. No. 5,954,979 to Counts et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,560 to Fleischhauer et al., U.S. Pat. No. 8,365,742 to Hon, U.S. Pat. No. 8,402,976 to Fernando et al., U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2005/0016550 to Katase, U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2010/0163063 to Fernando et al., U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2013/0192623 to Tucker et al., U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2013/0298905 to Leven et al., U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2013/0180553 to Kim et al., U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2014/0000638 to Sebastian et al., U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2014/0261495 to Novak et al., and U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. 2014/0261408 to DePiano et al., all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

The control component 208 includes a number of electronic components, and in some examples may be formed of a printed circuit board (PCB) that supports and electrically connects the electronic components. The electronic components may include a microprocessor or processor core, and a memory. In some examples, the control component may include a microcontroller with integrated processor core and memory, and which may further include one or more integrated input/output peripherals. In some examples, the control component may be coupled to a communication interface to enable wireless communication with one or more networks, computing devices or other appropriately-enabled devices. Examples of suitable communication interfaces are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/638,562, filed Mar. 4, 2015, to Marion et al., the content of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety. And examples of suitable manners according to which the aerosol delivery device may be configured to wirelessly communicate are disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/327,776, filed Jul. 10, 2014, to Ampolini et al., and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/609,032, filed Jan. 29, 2015, to Henry, Jr. et al., each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In accordance with some example implementations, the power source 212 of the control body 102 may be a rechargeable power source and thus may be combined with any type of recharging technology. FIG. 3 illustrates a charger 300 for an aerosol delivery device 100 according to various example implementations of the present disclosure. As shown, charger may include a housing 302 and a connector 304 coupled to the housing. The connector may be configured to engage the control body 102 which may be coupled or coupleable with the cartridge 104 to form the aerosol delivery device 100. The charger may also include a power supply 306 generally configured to provide power to recharge the power source 212 of the control body. Although the charger shown and described herein may be a fixed charger, the charger and its composition may promote implementations in which the charger is a portable charger.

FIG. 4 more particularly illustrates the power supply 306 of the charger 300, according to various example implementations. As described above, the power source 212 of the control body 102 for providing power to activate and vaporize components of an aerosol precursor composition. As shown in FIG. 4, the power source may be connected to an electrical load 400 that includes various components of the control body, and that may also include the heater 222 when the control body is coupled with the cartridge 104. More particularly, the electrical load may include the control component 208 and heater, which may be coupled with the power source to form an electrical circuit. This may additionally include, for example, the flow sensor 210, an indicator and the like.

As also shown in FIG. 4, the power supply 306 of the charger 300 may include a supercapacitor SC and photovoltaic cell PC (e.g., an organic and/or inorganic photovoltaic cell). The supercapacitor may be connected with the power source 212 of the control body 102 when the connector 304 is engaged with the control body 102, and may be configured to provide power to recharge the power source. In some examples, the power supply may include a plurality of supercapacitors including the supercapacitor and connected in parallel. The photovoltaic cell may be connected to the supercapacitor such that the supercapacitor is chargeable from the photovoltaic cell. In some examples, the charger may include an indicator 402 connected with the supercapacitor and configured to provide a visual indication when the supercapacitor is being charged.

The supercapacitor SC may be any of a number of different types of supercapacitors, such as an electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC), a hybrid capacitor such as a lithium-ion capacitor (LIC), or the like. Supercapacitors such as EDLCs may be rated for a fast charge (e.g., three seconds). The supercapacitor be rated for a long lifetime (e.g., 32 years) and cycle life (e.g., 1,000,000 charge-discharge cycles), and provide an environmentally-friendly, lower-cost solution. The supercapacitor may provide high-current pulses to the electrical load. And as the supercapacitor does not include an inflammable electrolyte between the electrodes, the supercapacitor may therefore operate with only a negligible probability of a short circuit.

Hybrid capacitors such as the LIC generally have features of a battery (high voltage and high energy density), while maintaining the traditional characteristics of a capacitor of rapid charge (e.g., three (3) to one-hundred twenty (120) seconds). A hybrid capacitor may be rechargeable, and have the ability to operate on its own for a longer period without the need of another source of energy from which the hybrid capacitor may be chargeable. The hybrid capacitor may have a longer lifetime (e.g., 10 years) and cycle life as compared to other options, and is more environmentally friendly.

In some examples, the charger 300 may include a number of other electrical components, such as diodes, regulators, DC-to-DC converters, and the like, which may be coupled with the supercapacitor SC and photovoltaic cell PC to form an electrical circuit. As shown, for example, the charger may include a diode D connected between the supercapacitor and photovoltaic cell, and configured to prevent a backflow of current from supercapacitor to the photovoltaic cell. In particular, the diode may facilitate current flow into the supercapacitor, and prevent current backflow, when the supercapacitor is discharged.

In some examples, the charger 300 may include a linear regulator 404 connected between the supercapacitor SC and photovoltaic cell PC, and configured to maintain a constant output voltage to the supercapacitor and thereby prevent an overcharge of the supercapacitor by the photovoltaic cell.

In some examples, the charger 300 may include a DC-to-DC converter 406 connected to the supercapacitor SC, between the supercapacitor and the power source 212. The DC-to-DC converter may be configured to regulate a discharge current from the supercapacitor to the power source and/or the electrical load 400. The DC-to-DC converter may avoid too fast discharge of the supercapacitor, and it may facilitate a uniform dissipation of current so that the supercapacitor provides constant power to the power source. In some examples, the DC-to-DC converter may be adjustable, and in at least one instance, the DC-to-DC converter may be configured to increase a rate of the discharge current from the supercapacitor to the power source and/or electrical load. In some examples, the DC-to-DC converter may include a plurality of DC-to-DC converters configured to facilitate a constant discharge of voltage and current being delivered to the power source and/or the electrical load. In some instances, the plurality of DC-to-DC converters may also be configured to function as a buck-boost converter for satisfying requirements of the charger circuitry.

FIG. 5 more particularly illustrates the power supply 306 of the charger 300, according to other example implementations. As shown in FIG. 5, in some examples, the charger 300 may include one or more additional, secondary sources of energy E configured to provide power to recharge the power source 212. The secondary source of energy may be any of a number of different types, such as various rechargers configured to operate in a manner similar to a battery charger. In other examples, the secondary source of energy may be or include a battery. For example, the secondary source of energy may be or include a solid-state battery (e.g., a thin-film solid-state battery), rechargeable lithium-ion battery or the like. In these examples, the secondary source of energy may be fixed or removable from the power supply 306 and thus the charger.

Examples of suitable solid-state batteries are STMicroelectronics' EnFilm™ rechargeable solid-state lithium thin-film batteries, which feature a LiCoO₂ cathode, LiPON ceramic electrolyte and a lithium anode. In particular, the EFL700A39 battery from STMicroelectronics has a nominal voltage of 4.1V and thickness of only 220 um. The battery is rated for a 10-year life time, and a 4000 charge-discharge cycle life. The battery also has a relatively short typical charge, in some instances charging in approximately 30 minutes. The battery has a ceramic electrolyte, which may produce currents by movements of electrons and thus reduce the risk of undesirable dendrite growth in the cathode and anode that may otherwise lead to a short circuit. The ceramic electrolyte may also prevent a fire hazard upon contact with fire.

In some examples, the secondary source of energy E may be connected with the power source 212 when the connector is engaged with the control body 102. In these examples, the supercapacitor SC and secondary source of energy may be configured to switchably provide power to recharge the power source. In one example implementation, the supercapacitor and secondary source of energy being configured to switchably provide power may include the supercapacitor being configured to initially provide power, and the charger being configured to switch to the secondary source of energy to provide power only after the supercapacitor has discharged by at least a threshold amount.

In some examples, the charger 300 may also comprise a switch (e.g., a mechanical or capacitive-based two-way switch) configured to switch between the supercapacitor SC or the secondary source of energy E for supply power to recharge the power source 212. For example, the switch may be initially coupled to the supercapacitor, and may switch to the secondary source of energy after the supercapacitor has discharged by at least a threshold amount.

In some examples, and in particular those in which the secondary source of energy E is or includes a battery, the supercapacitor SC may smooth fluctuating power from a low-current source when the secondary source of energy weakens, and may thereby increase its lifetime and cycle life. In examples with a lithium-ion battery, the supercapacitor may operate over a larger range of temperatures (e.g., from −50 to 70° C.) than the lithium-ion battery, and may turn on at cold temperatures (e.g., below −10° C.) and high temperatures (e.g., above 40° C.) when the lithium-ion battery may otherwise fail to start. In these examples, the supercapacitor may therefore provide additional benefits in colder and warmer regions.

Similar to the supercapacitor SC, the secondary source of energy E may also be connected with, and thereby chargeable from the photovoltaic cell PC. Accordingly, the number of other electrical components may also be coupled with the secondary source of energy to further form the electrical circuit of the charger 300. In some examples, the charger may comprise the diode D or linear regulator 504 connected between the secondary source of energy and photovoltaic cell. The diode or linear regulator may be respectively configured to prevent a backflow of current from secondary source of energy to the photovoltaic cell or prevent the secondary source of energy from being overcharged by the photovoltaic cell.

In some example implementations, the secondary source of energy E may be connected with and chargeable from a source of energy other than the photovoltaic cell PC. In these implementations, the charger 300 may include terminals 408, 410 connectable with an external source of energy from which the secondary energy source may be chargeable. As shown in FIG. 4 and with additional reference to FIG. 5, the terminals may also be connectable with the external source of energy for charging the supercapacitor SC. In some example implementations, the terminals may be connectable with a wall charger, car charger, computer or the like.

In some examples, the number of other electrical components may also be coupled with the terminals 408, 410 to form the electrical circuit. In some examples, the charger 300 may include the linear regulator 404, 504 connected between the supercapacitor SC and terminals. The linear regulator may be configured to maintain a constant output voltage to the supercapacitor and thereby prevent an overcharge of the supercapacitor by the external source of energy.

FIG. 6 illustrates various operations in a method 600 of charging an aerosol delivery device according to example implementations of the present disclosure. The aerosol delivery device may include a control body coupled or coupleable with a cartridge to form the aerosol delivery device. The cartridge may be equipped with a heating element, and the control body may include a power source configured to provide power to the heating element to activate and vaporize components of an aerosol precursor composition. The method may comprise detachably coupling a charger to the control body, the charger including a power supply, as shown at block 602. The power supply may include a supercapacitor and a photovoltaic cell connected to and from which the supercapacitor is chargeable. The supercapacitor may be connected with the power source when the charger is coupled with the control body. The method may also comprise providing power from the supercapacitor to recharge the power source, as shown at block 604.

The foregoing description of use of the article(s) can be applied to the various example implementations described herein through minor modifications, which can be apparent to the person of skill in the art in light of the further disclosure provided herein. The above description of use, however, is not intended to limit the use of the article but is provided to comply with all necessary requirements of disclosure of the present disclosure. Any of the elements shown in the article(s) illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 or as otherwise described above may be included in an aerosol delivery device according to the present disclosure.

Many modifications and other implementations of the disclosure set forth herein will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not to be limited to the specific implementations disclosed, and that modifications and other implementations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, although the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings describe example implementations in the context of certain example combinations of elements and/or functions, it should be appreciated that different combinations of elements and/or functions may be provided by alternative implementations without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In this regard, for example, different combinations of elements and/or functions than those explicitly described above are also contemplated as may be set forth in some of the appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A charger for an aerosol delivery device, the charger comprising: a housing; a connector coupled to the housing and configured to engage a control body coupled or coupleable with a cartridge to form the aerosol delivery device, the cartridge being equipped with a heating element, and the control body including a power source configured to provide power to the heating element to activate and vaporize components of an aerosol precursor composition; and a power supply comprising: a supercapacitor within the housing, connected with the power source when the connector is engaged with the control body, and configured to provide power to recharge the power source; and a photovoltaic cell coupled to the housing, and connected to and from which the supercapacitor is chargeable.
 2. The charger of claim 1, wherein the power supply comprises a plurality of supercapacitors including the supercapacitor and connected in parallel.
 3. The charger of claim 1 further comprising an indicator connected with the supercapacitor and configured to provide a visual indication when the supercapacitor is being charged.
 4. The charger of claim 1 further comprising a diode connected between the supercapacitor and photovoltaic cell, and configured to prevent a backflow of current from supercapacitor to the photovoltaic cell.
 5. The charger of claim 1 further comprising a linear regulator connected between the supercapacitor and photovoltaic cell, and configured to maintain a constant output voltage to the supercapacitor and thereby prevent an overcharge of the supercapacitor by the photovoltaic cell.
 6. The charger of claim 1, wherein the power supply further comprises a secondary source of energy connected with the power source when the connector is engaged with the control body, the supercapacitor and secondary source of energy being configured to switchably provide power to recharge the power source, and in at least one instance, the secondary source of energy being a thin-film solid-state battery.
 7. The charger of claim 6 further comprising a two-way switch respectively coupled to the supercapacitor and the secondary source of energy, and wherein the supercapacitor and secondary source of energy being configured to switchably provide power includes the supercapacitor being configured to provide power, and the charger being configured to switch to the secondary source of energy, using the two-way switch, to provide power only after the supercapacitor has discharged by at least a threshold amount.
 8. The charger of claim 6, wherein the secondary source of energy is connected with and chargeable from the photovoltaic cell.
 9. The charger of claim 8 further comprising a diode or linear regulator connected between the secondary source of energy and photovoltaic cell, and configured to respectively prevent a backflow of current from secondary source of energy to the photovoltaic cell, or prevent the secondary source of energy from being overcharged by the photovoltaic cell.
 10. The charger of claim 6 further comprising terminals connectable with an external source of energy from which the supercapacitor or secondary energy source is chargeable.
 11. The charger of claim 1 further comprising terminals connectable with an external source of energy from which the supercapacitor is chargeable.
 12. The charger of claim 11 further comprising a linear regulator connected between the supercapacitor and terminals, and configured to maintain a constant output voltage to the supercapacitor and thereby prevent an overcharge of the supercapacitor by the external source of energy.
 13. The charger of claim 1 further comprising a DC-to-DC converter connected to the supercapacitor, between the supercapacitor and power source, and configured to regulate a discharge current from the supercapacitor to the power source or an electrical load connected to the power source and including the heating element.
 14. The charger of claim 13, wherein the DC-to-DC converter is adjustable and in at least one instance configured to increase a rate of the discharge current from the supercapacitor to the power source or an electrical load connected to the power source and including the heating element.
 15. A method of charging an aerosol delivery device including control body coupled or coupleable with a cartridge to form the aerosol delivery device, the cartridge being equipped with a heating element, and the control body including a power source configured to provide power to the heating element to activate and vaporize components of an aerosol precursor composition, the method comprising: detachably coupling a charger to the control body, the charger including a power supply, and the power supply including a supercapacitor and a photovoltaic cell connected to and from which the supercapacitor is chargeable, the supercapacitor being connected with the power source when the charger is coupled with the control body; and providing power from the supercapacitor to recharge the power source.
 16. The method of claim 15 further comprising charging the supercapacitor from the photovoltaic cell, and as the supercapacitor is charging, providing a visual indication from an indicator connected with the supercapacitor.
 17. The method of claim 15 further comprising preventing a backflow of current from supercapacitor to the photovoltaic cell using a diode connected between the supercapacitor and photovoltaic cell.
 18. The method of claim 15 further comprising maintaining a constant output voltage to the supercapacitor, and thereby preventing an overcharge of the supercapacitor by the photovoltaic cell, using a linear regulator connected between the supercapacitor and photovoltaic cell.
 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the power supply of the charger further includes a secondary source of energy connected with the power source when the charger is coupled with the control body, and providing power includes switchably providing power from the supercapacitor and secondary source of energy to recharge the power source, and in at least one instance, the secondary source of energy being a thin-film solid-state battery.
 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the charger further comprises a two-way switch respectively coupled to the supercapacitor and the secondary source of energy, and wherein switchably providing power includes proving power from the supercapacitor, and switching to the secondary source of energy, using the two-way switch, to provide power only after the supercapacitor has discharged by at least a threshold amount. 